目前分類:聽力listening - 最新托福真題 (6)

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2020.01.04 &05  托福聽力機經供大家參考

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an English literature class.

  Professor: Now, last class we were talking about the beginnings of a novel as a distinct genre. Today, we’re going to look at a book that some scholars have argued is the first English novel, but in my mind, one can’t really say this or that book was the first novel written in English. So much depends on how you define the word novel, right? And the popularity of the book we’re going to discuss today, Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe certainly doesn’t depend on that criterion. Robinson Crusoe was published in 1719 when Defoe was nearly 60-years-old. It tells the story of a man who against the wishes of his parents chooses life at sea. He experiences a series of shipwrecks and other disasters and eventually winds up spending many years alone on an island.

  Now, when this book was written, the form of the novel was still taking shape. And Daniel Defoe was in many ways responsible for the shape the novel eventually did take. Defoe was first and foremost a journalist. He was not a part of upper-class society who depended on selling his writing in order to make a living. He knew that the more books or pamphlets he could sale, whether it was a political essay or a travelogue, the more money he would be able to earn. So many of the topics he wrote about were somewhat sensationalized. In other words, he was drawn to stories that were interesting, more adventurous, more appealing to his readers and thus more sellable. Now, even though the public loved wild tales, at the same time they disapproved of stories they considered invented. Defoe had to give them something that seemed true. And the novel Robinson Crusoe, it was printed without using Defoe’s name so it appeared as if it was written by the character, Robinson Crusoe.

 

  Looking back on this, it makes me mad. Novels are works of fiction. The characters aren’t real. They don’t exist. But remember this is the beginning of the novel. People’s expectations were very different in the 1700s. Along with embellishing his stories, he also centered around ordinary people. He had a sympathetic connection to his subjects and often wrote about working men and women, wanderers, and adventurers. This is significant at that time because well, these traits of society hadn’t been literary protagonists before.

 

  But most scholars, whether or not they considered Defoe the author of the first English novel, will agree that Defoe’s most significant contribution to the novel was his use of the first-person narrative. Previously, characters had been described almost exclusively to the third person narrative. That is the omnipresent narrator described the actions, the thoughts, the interactions between characters as a sort of all-seeing eye. So, Defoe then changed all that because he was so used to writing in his own voice through his earlier works as a journalist. He shifted that narrative voice-over to his protagonist so that his main character was in fact, telling the story. Because of this, you get a real ingenious feel to the characters and we can experience the inner life of his most famous character Robinson Crusoe.

 

  Through Defoe’s use of first-person, we understand that Robinson Crusoe is highly enterprising. He knows him every success and his very survival depends on his determination. What more than that, we experience Crusoe’s thought processes through the prose itself where inside his viewpoint belongs a journey and his struggle to survive. It’s a powerful new technical innovation and it changed the course of the novel. So, this technique along with the dramatic subject matter helped make Robinson Crusoe one of the most successful books of the eighteenth century.

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2019 年 9 月 7 日 托福聽力考題回憶

遇到加試:兩大一小

Section 1

Conversation 1 話題分類:學生和管理人員 內容回憶:申請宿舍

Lecture 1
話題分類:歷史 內容回憶:阿基米德測量⺩冠的故事

Lecture 2
學科分類:科學 內容回憶:一個顏色的發明和現在的運用

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2019 年 8 月 25 日托福聽力TOEFL Listening考題回憶

 

遇到加試:一大兩小

Section 1(正常的 1 conversation2 lecture)

Conversation 1

話題分類:student and employee

 

內容回憶:男生 schedule 忙不過來了。要麼打工沒時間做作業啥的要麼遲到, 要換個半夜的工作,最後換成了開校車。哪裡有人叫就去接,送到 指定地點,但是要工作到很晚大概 2am。男生說沒事我有個朋友也 在乾這個我聽說能自己安排哪天開,我找個第二天沒有早課的時間 就好了。

 

Lecture 1

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2019 824 日托福聽力TOEFL Listening考題回憶

 

遇到加試:一大兩小

 

Section 1(正常的 1conversation2lecture)

Conversation 1

話題分類:student and employee

 

內容回憶:男生 schedule 忙不過來了。要麼打工沒時間做作業啥的要麼遲到, 要換個半夜的工作,最後換成了開校車。哪裡有人叫就去接,送到 指定地點,但是要工作到很晚大概 2am。男生說沒事我有個朋友也 在乾這個我聽說能自己安排哪天開,我找個第二天沒有早課的時間 就好了。

 

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2019年8月10日 托福聽力TOEFL Listening 考題回憶

 

遇到加試:一大兩小(後面兩個都是小,只有 6 分多鐘)

Section 1(正常的 1 個 conversation,2 個 lecture)

Conversation 1

話題分類:student and Professor

 

內容回憶:樹是如何掉葉子的,教授解釋是因為 abo...cells, 這是信號,樹在 這個時期也是活躍的(學生以前以為樹在這個時候就死了,出題了)。教授問 學生要不要把 botany 作為 major, 學生說要在多 Investing. 教授提到 scientific breakfast, 學生說不知道,教授說該早點通知大家

 

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螢幕快照 2019-08-26 16.39.36.png

 

 

 

 

Question:

1.What does the professor main discuss? 

A. ways that stars become nebulae

B. reasons that nebulae appear to give off blue light

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